QUESTION
Design the Digital Circuit which gives fout = (2/3) fin.
SLOUTION
A frequency divider circuit is a digital circuit that takes an input clock signal and produces an output clock signal with a lower frequency. It is commonly used in digital systems for various purposes such as generating clock signals for different components operating at different frequencies or for controlling the timing of operations.
The basic operation of a frequency divider circuit involves dividing the frequency of the input clock signal by a specific factor. The factor determines how many input clock cycles are required to generate a single output clock cycle. For example, if the factor is 2, then the output clock frequency will be half of the input clock frequency.
There are different types of frequency divider circuits, including synchronous and asynchronous dividers. Here’s a brief explanation of each:
- Synchronous Frequency Divider:
- In a synchronous frequency divider, the division operation is synchronized with the input clock signal. It uses flip-flops and combinational logic to divide the frequency.
- At each rising or falling edge of the input clock signal, the flip-flops capture the current state and propagate it to the next stage.
- The combinational logic generates the appropriate control signals to determine when to transition to the next state, effectively dividing the frequency.
- Asynchronous Frequency Divider:
- An asynchronous frequency divider, also known as a ripple counter, does not rely on a clock signal to perform the division operation. It uses cascaded flip-flops and feedback to achieve frequency division.
- The output of each flip-flop serves as the clock input for the next flip-flop in the sequence.
- The first flip-flop receives the input clock signal, and subsequent flip-flops toggle their states based on the transitions of the previous flip-flop.
- The output of the last flip-flop forms the output clock signal, and the overall division ratio is determined by the number of flip-flops used.
Frequency divider circuits can be designed to divide the frequency by any desired factor. The design complexity and performance characteristics, such as maximum operating frequency and output jitter, depend on the specific implementation and requirements of the system.
To design 2/3f we can rewrite this as f/1.5
which implies for 1.5 cycle of fin we have to generate a single pulse of fout.
You can clearly see in the waveform section for 1.5 of clk there is 1 clk_out.
WAVEFORM
RTL
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TESTBENCH
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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